The Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) is a strategic partnership and an informal security alliance between the United States, India, Japan, and Australia, aimed at promoting a "free and open Indo-Pacific" through economic initiatives and regional stability efforts.

A formal security alliance is a binding agreement between two or more states that commit them to mutual defense, military cooperation, or strategic coordination in response to security threats. An example of this would be NATO.

Military hierarchies emphasize strict command-and-control, obedience to authority, and clear chains of command where orders flow from the top down.

In contrast, academic-style structures allow for more collaborative governance, distributed power, and debate-driven decision-making.

Panama's currency, balboa, has been tied to the U.S. dollar (which is also legal tender in Panama) at an exchange rate of 1:1 since its introduction and has always circulated alongside dollars.

De-dollarization refers to countries reducing reliance on the U.S. dollar as a reserve currency, medium of exchange or as a unit of account.

Prioritizing exploration includes but not limited to putting more emphasis on innovation and new business opportunities; while prioritizing exploitation looks like putting emphasis on operational efficiency and refining existing organizational capabilities among other things.

Kiasu or 'Fear of Losing Out' is a culture originally emerged among Singaporean students that emphasizes on behaving competitively to get ahead of others in trying to achieve their own goal(s).

Prioritizing exploration includes but not limited to putting more emphasis on innovation and new business opportunities; while prioritizing exploitation looks like putting emphasis on operational efficiency and refining existing organizational capabilities among other things.

Kiasu or 'Fear of Losing Out' is a culture originally emerged among Singaporean students that emphasizes on behaving competitively to get ahead of others in trying to achieve their own goal(s).